Perioperative management of face transplantation: a survey.

BACKGROUND Since the first facial allograft transplantation was reported in France in 2005, 18 cases have been performed in 4 countries and the rate is increasing. METHODS We have devised a survey to assess anesthesia-related management and rationale of facial allograft transplantation. It was sent to the lead anesthesiologists of the first 14 face transplants performed worldwide. RESULTS Responses were received corresponding to 13 face transplants. The median duration of surgery and anesthesia was 19 hours (95% confidence interval 15-23 hours). The surgical preparation and dissection of multiple small anatomical structures of the recipient was time-consuming for 11 cases. Blood loss was considerable. All patients received packed red blood cells (median 20 U, 95% confidence interval 5-28 U). A median of 13 L of crystalloid was administered (95% confidence interval 10-18 L). CONCLUSIONS During facial allograft transplantation, the anesthesiologist must be prepared for a long anesthetic with rapid blood loss after reperfusion of the graft.